Advancing Bereavement Leave for All Students in Higher Education
Each year, over 4 million students in higher education
are socially and academically impacted by bereavement
Losing a loved one at any juncture can alter the course of a life; navigating grief is a fraught and difficult process in the best of times. But for students in higher education—from trade schools to elite universities—it can be particularly overwhelming and cause them to abandon their studies.
According to some experts, nearly a third of college students who lose a friend or loved one while enrolled in higher education will fail to obtain their degree.
Douglas with his family.
Beyond the emotional ramifications, failing to get a degree has lifelong effects, and many grief experts argue that institutions should offer students bereavement leave and grief support. Sydney Rains and Red Douglas were two students who would have benefited from bereavement leave and grief support: Both lost their fathers when they were undergraduates, and now they are working to ensure future generations of students receive the critical support they did not.
Collaborating with Evermore and members from public and private institutions from across the country, Rains and Douglas are leading Evermore’s Higher Education Leave Policy (HELP) campaign. Their goal is to bring awareness that students, from trade schools to universities, are being severely impacted by grief and more can be done to support them.
Rains with her father.
Rains was finishing up her junior year at Gonzaga University when her father died, and she struggled to complete assignments when she returned to school. Amidst her grief, she successfully led a student-specific bereavement policy campaign at Gonzaga, and she’s now working with the Evermore HELP campaign to advise colleges interested in implementing similar plans at their own institutions.
The HELP campaign was developed after Dr. Heather Servaty-Seib, who played a critical role in establishing the Grief Absence Policy for Students (GAPS) for students at Purdue University in 2011, connected Douglas with Evermore. He’s a Ph.D. candidate at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan, studying ways higher education administrators can provide support for bereaved students, and said he was “frequently citing Servaty-Seib’s findings… so I reached out and she quickly replied, connecting me with Evermore,” Douglas said. Evermore “embraced my work and proposed the idea of developing a nexus for higher education professionals advocating for students on this topic.”
Douglas’ dad reading the sports page, which includes Red’s statistics.
One of the primary issues facing advocates and experts creating these policies is a straightforward data question. According to research conducted by various scholars over the past two decades, the prevalence of grief among higher education students is dramatically underestimated. Reports indicate that 20 to 35% of undergraduate students are within 12 months of losing a loved one; upwards of 40% are within two years of a significant loss.
Despite this reality, as of 2019 only 44 institutions of higher education in the United States had student-specific bereavement policies. Sevaty-Seib argues this is surprising when considering such policies exist at the K-12 level, and are also extended as workplace benefits to faculty, staff, and administrators at most colleges and universities.
Such policies address the risks that are specific to students in higher education, which boil down to these major factors:
Disruption of Academic Performance
The death of a loved one can significantly disrupt a college student’s academic performance. Grieving individuals may struggle to concentrate, meet deadlines, or attend classes regularly. Symptoms can manifest as lethargy, changes in appetite, insomnia, loss of interest in hobbies, and social isolation, all of which negatively impact grades and may result in dropping out. It’s essential for students to communicate with professors and academic advisors about their situation to explore possible accommodations and support systems.
Emotional Turmoil
Grief is a complex and intense emotional experience. Students mourning the loss of a loved one may feel overwhelmed by a range of emotions, including sadness, jealousy, anger, guilt, and confusion. These emotions can affect every aspect of their lives, from relationships with friends and family to their sense of self and purpose. Douglas said that felt “a strange jealousy toward my friends who still had both parents.” Seeking support from campus counseling services, support groups, or trusted individuals can provide a safe space to express and process these emotions.
Social Isolation
While research indicates social support is key, in the midst of grief, students often withdraw from social activities and isolate themselves from their peers. “When I lost my father, it was a very isolating experience,” Douglas said. “I never wanted to bring it up, so I had no idea how many other students were going through something similar.” Higher ed administrators can help grieving students by facilitating connections with their peers in similar situations.
Financial Stress
The death of a loved one can also bring financial burdens, such as funeral expenses, medical bills, or loss of financial support from parents. Students may find themselves grappling with these financial stressors on top of their grief, leading to heightened anxiety and uncertainty about their future. However, data on exactly how dire these situations become for grieving students is hard to find. Indiana University graduate and HELP contributor Malhar Pagay sought to find the number of bereaved students who dropped out due to financial stress, but discovered “the data is nearly impossible to find.” Colleges and universities are not keeping data on whether leaving is related to grief or bereavement. But if they did ask these questions, Pagay said, it would help them “make data-informed decisions about policies related to student grief and bereavement.”